function [lambda2,xi]=oct_okubo_aviso(pm,pn,f,zeta);
%
[Mp,Lp]=size(zeta);
M=Mp-1;
Mm=M-1;
L=Lp-1;
Lm=L-1;
%
gof=9.81./f;
%
mask=isfinite(zeta);
[umask,vmask,pmask]=oct_uvp_mask(mask);
%
u=oct_rho2u_2d(-gof.*oct_v2rho_2d(vmask.*(zeta(2:end,1:end)-zeta(1:end-1,1:end))...
              .*0.5.*(pn(2:end,1:end)+pn(1:end-1,1:end))));
v=oct_rho2v_2d(gof.*oct_u2rho_2d(umask.*(zeta(1:end,2:end)-zeta(1:end,1:end-1))...
              .*0.5.*(pm(1:end,2:end)+pm(1:end,1:end-1))));
%
xi=zeros(M,L);
mn_p=zeros(M,L);
uom=zeros(M,Lp);
von=zeros(Mp,L);
uom=2*u./(pm(:,1:L)+pm(:,2:Lp));
uon=2*u./(pn(:,1:L)+pn(:,2:Lp));
von=2*v./(pn(1:M,:)+pn(2:Mp,:));
vom=2*v./(pm(1:M,:)+pm(2:Mp,:));
mn=pm.*pn;
mn_p=(mn(1:M,1:L)+mn(1:M,2:Lp)+...
      mn(2:Mp,2:Lp)+mn(2:Mp,1:L))/4;
%
% relative oct_vorticity
%
xi=mn.*oct_psi2rho(von(:,2:Lp)-von(:,1:L)-uom(2:Mp,:)+uom(1:M,:));
%
% Sigma_T
%
ST=mn.*oct_psi2rho(von(:,2:Lp)-von(:,1:L)+uom(2:Mp,:)-uom(1:M,:));
%
% Sigma_N
%
SN=zeros(Mp,Lp);
SN(2:end-1,2:end-1)=mn(2:end-1,2:end-1).*(uon(2:end-1,2:end)...
                                         -uon(2:end-1,1:end-1)...
                                         -vom(2:end,2:end-1)...
                                         +vom(1:end-1,2:end-1));
%
% 
%
lambda2=SN.^2+ST.^2-xi.^2;
return